Which of the following will harden access to a new database system? (Select two.)

Network Intrusion Detection Systems (NIDS) are valuable for detecting suspicious activity on a network but do not directly prevent access to a database system. While they can alert administrators to potential threats, they do not provide the control over access that a jump server or host-based firewall would.

Monitoring refers to the continuous observation of system activities and can help identify anomalies. However, it does not inherently restrict or harden access to a database system. Without proactive measures like a jump server or firewall, monitoring alone cannot prevent unauthorized access.

A proxy server can enhance security by acting as an intermediary for requests to and from the database; however, it primarily focuses on content filtering and traffic management rather than directly hardening access. It does not provide the same level of secure access control as a jump server or host-based firewall.

A Web Application Firewall (WAF) is designed to protect web applications from attacks such as SQL injection and cross-site scripting. While a WAF is important for safeguarding database interactions through web applications, it does not directly control access to the database system itself like a jump server or host-based firewall would.