Which of the following utilizes the concept of prior authorization?

A second opinion refers to the practice of seeking an additional medical evaluation or diagnosis from another healthcare provider. While this may be encouraged in some healthcare plans, it does not inherently involve prior authorization as a systematic requirement, which is primarily characteristic of managed care.

Preventative care refers to services aimed at preventing diseases or health issues before they occur, such as vaccinations and screenings. While important in healthcare, these services typically do not require prior authorization under most plans, as they are often covered to promote overall health and reduce long-term costs.

Risk sharing involves distributing financial risks among stakeholders in a healthcare plan, such as providers and insurers, to manage costs and incentivize quality care. This concept does not directly relate to prior authorization, which focuses on pre-approval for specific services rather than the financial management of risk.