Which of the following types ofrock is formed by the compaction and cementation of small fragments of preexisting rocks?

Volcanic rocks, also known as igneous rocks, are formed from the cooling and solidification of molten lava or magma. They do not involve the compaction and cementation of preexisting rocks, as they originate from volcanic activity rather than sedimentary processes. Therefore, they are fundamentally different from sedimentary rocks.

Metamorphic rocks are created when existing rocks undergo a transformation due to intense heat and pressure, altering their mineral composition and structure. This process does not involve the compaction and cementation of fragments but rather the recrystallization of minerals within the rock. Thus, metamorphic rocks are distinctly different from sedimentary rocks.

Intrusive rocks refer to a type of igneous rock that forms when magma cools and solidifies beneath the Earth's surface. Like volcanic rocks, intrusive rocks do not form from the compaction and cementation of small fragments of other rocks. They are characterized by their crystalline texture due to slow cooling, making them separate from sedimentary processes.