Which of the following types of identification methods can be performed on a deployed application during runtime?

Code review is a static analysis method that examines the source code of an application without executing it. While it can identify potential security issues and bugs, it does not provide insights into the application's runtime behavior, limiting its effectiveness in uncovering runtime-specific vulnerabilities.

Package monitoring typically involves oversight of the software packages used within an application, focusing on their versions and dependencies. While this can help manage security risks related to outdated or vulnerable packages, it does not directly analyze the application’s functionality or behavior during runtime.

A bug bounty program incentivizes external researchers to find and report vulnerabilities in a deployed application. However, while it encourages runtime testing, it is not a systematic method of analysis itself; rather, it relies on external participation and does not provide immediate insights into runtime behavior.