Which of the following security concepts is being followed when implementing a product that offers protection against DDoS attacks?

Non-repudiation focuses on ensuring that a party cannot deny the authenticity or integrity of a communication or action. While important in digital signatures and legal contexts, it is not the primary concern when mitigating DDoS attacks.

Integrity involves maintaining the accuracy and consistency of data over its lifecycle, preventing unauthorized alterations. While crucial for data protection, integrity is secondary to availability when dealing with DDoS attacks that primarily target service availability.

Confidentiality pertains to ensuring that data is only accessible to authorized parties, protecting it from unauthorized disclosure. While essential for privacy and data protection, confidentiality is not the primary focus when defending against DDoS attacks, which primarily aim to disrupt services rather than steal data.