Which of the following principles or practices was established in Marbury v. Madison?

Rationale

Judicial review was established in Marbury v. Madison.

The landmark case of Marbury v. Madison in 1803 established the principle of judicial review, which empowers the Supreme Court to invalidate laws and executive actions that are inconsistent with the Constitution. This foundational principle has significantly shaped the relationship between the judiciary and the other branches of government in the United States.

A (judicial review) CORRECT

Judicial review is the process by which courts interpret the Constitution and decide whether legislative and executive actions are constitutional. In Marbury v. Madison, Chief Justice John Marshall asserted the authority of the Supreme Court to review and nullify acts of Congress that conflict with the Constitution, thereby establishing this vital judicial power.

B (executive orders) YOUR ANSWER

Executive orders are directives issued by the President to manage the operations of the federal government. While executive orders can shape policy and administration, they are not a principle established by Marbury v. Madison. The case primarily focused on the judiciary's authority rather than the executive branch's powers.

C (legislative supremacy) YOUR ANSWER

Legislative supremacy is the idea that the legislative branch has ultimate authority over the other branches of government. However, the ruling in Marbury v. Madison countered this notion by affirming the judiciary's role in reviewing the constitutionality of legislative actions, thus limiting legislative supremacy in favor of a system of checks and balances.

D (presidential succession) YOUR ANSWER

Presidential succession refers to the process by which a new president is selected if the sitting president is unable to perform their duties. This concept is governed by laws and amendments separate from the principles established in Marbury v. Madison, which focused on the judiciary's power rather than the procedures for presidential transition.

Conclusion

Marbury v. Madison is a pivotal case in American constitutional law, as it firmly established the principle of judicial review, allowing the courts to ensure that no law or executive action can supersede the Constitution. This principle serves as a cornerstone of the American legal system, reinforcing the balance of power among the branches of government.