In 1865, Egbert Viele, a civil engineer and Civil War veteran who surveyed the land for Central Park and later served in Congress, published a map that is still crucial almost 160 years later. His map showed all the original marshes and waterways of Manhattan. Even today, engineers rely on his work to determine soil conditions and any underground water that still flows through a building site, potentially undermining foundations.
Which of the following pieces of evidence from the text supports the conclusion that Viele's work had an impact on the development of Manhattan island?
Builders must analyze potential sites for stability, which affects the building type and zoning options.
This statement highlights the practical application of Viele's map in contemporary construction practices, demonstrating its lasting influence on the development of Manhattan. By assessing soil conditions and underground water, builders ensure structural integrity, which directly impacts how and where buildings can be constructed.
While this statement mentions an issue that Viele aimed to address, it does not directly connect to how his work has influenced the development of Manhattan. The flooding indicates a challenge, but it does not illustrate the positive impact or application of Viele's map in current construction practices.
This option is identical to the previous one and similarly fails to support the conclusion regarding the impact of Viele's work. The existence of flooding does not demonstrate how his map has been utilized to inform engineering and construction decisions that shape Manhattan's development.
This statement incorrectly emphasizes gardening rather than construction. While it suggests a benefit of having a water map, it does not relate to the fundamental role of Viele's work in informing engineering practices necessary for building stability and zoning, which are crucial for the island's development.
The evidence supporting the conclusion about the impact of Viele's work centers on how builders analyze site stability using his map, ensuring that the construction is safe and effective. Although other choices highlight aspects related to flooding or gardening, they do not capture the essence of Viele's contribution to the engineering principles that guide the development of Manhattan Island today.
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