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Which of the following physiological responses is caused by the release of anti-diuretic hormone?

Rationale

Anti-diuretic hormone causes an increase in water reabsorption in the collecting duct.

Anti-diuretic hormone, also known as ADH or vasopressin, is a hormone produced by the hypothalamus and stored in the posterior pituitary gland. It is responsible for regulating the body's balance of water and salt. When ADH is released, it acts on the kidneys to increase water reabsorption, decreasing urine output and helping the body conserve water.

A (Decrease in water reabsorption in the collecting duct) YOUR ANSWER

This choice is incorrect. The release of ADH actually leads to an increase in water reabsorption in the collecting duct, not a decrease. This is a critical function of ADH, as it helps prevent dehydration by reducing the amount of water excreted in the urine.

B (Decrease in the concentration of calcium in the glomerulus) YOUR ANSWER

This choice is also incorrect. ADH does not directly affect the concentration of calcium in the glomerulus. The glomerulus is involved in the filtration of the blood, not the regulation of water and salt balance, which is the primary function of ADH.

C (Increase in the concentration of calcium in the glomerulus) YOUR ANSWER

This choice is incorrect. As with choice B, ADH does not directly influence the concentration of calcium in the glomerulus. Calcium homeostasis in the body is primarily controlled by other hormones such as parathyroid hormone and calcitonin, not ADH.

D (Increase in water reabsorption in the collecting duct) CORRECT

This choice is correct. One of the main functions of ADH is to increase water reabsorption in the collecting duct of the kidneys. By doing so, it decreases the volume of urine produced and helps the body conserve water, particularly in situations of dehydration or high salt intake.

Conclusion

The primary physiological response caused by the release of anti-diuretic hormone (ADH) is an increase in water reabsorption in the collecting duct of the kidneys. This action helps the body conserve water and maintain a proper balance of fluids. The other choices, involving changes in the concentration of calcium in the glomerulus or a decrease in water reabsorption, are not direct effects of ADH release.

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