Which of the following motivational theories primarily describes people's explanations for their success or failure on a given task

Behavioral-learning theory emphasizes the role of environmental stimuli and reinforcement in shaping behavior rather than personal interpretations of success or failure. It focuses on observable behaviors and the consequences that follow, rather than the underlying reasons why individuals perceive outcomes as successes or failures.

Human-needs theory, often associated with Maslow's hierarchy, addresses the importance of fulfilling basic human needs for motivation. While it relates to overall motivation, it does not specifically explain how individuals attribute their successes or failures on specific tasks, making it less relevant to the question.

Expectancy theory centers on the belief that individuals are motivated to act based on their expectations of success and the value they place on the outcomes. While it touches on motivation, it does not focus on the explanations behind why individuals succeed or fail, which is the core of attribution theory.