Which of the following is best used to detect and record access to restricted areas?

Bollards are physical barriers designed to control vehicle access and protect pedestrian zones. While they can enhance security by preventing unauthorized vehicle entry, they do not provide any means of monitoring or recording access events, which is critical for tracking who enters or exits restricted areas.

Badge readers are electronic devices that grant access to individuals based on their identification badges. While they help control entry into restricted areas, they do not provide a visual record of who accessed the area or when, and thus cannot capture unauthorized access or incidents occurring outside of badge use.

Fences serve as physical barriers to deter entry into restricted areas, providing a first line of defense against unauthorized access. However, like bollards, they do not monitor or record who attempts to enter or exit, limiting their effectiveness in security management compared to video surveillance.