Which of the following improves patient outcomes to save money by reducing hospital and emergency department visits?

While accountable care organizations (ACOs) aim to improve care coordination and reduce costs by providing incentives for reducing unnecessary services, they operate on a larger scale and may not directly focus on individual patient outcomes as the PCMH does. ACOs are more about managing populations rather than the one-on-one care coordination emphasized in PCMHs.

The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) is a federal agency that administers the nation's major healthcare programs but does not directly provide patient care or implement care models. While CMS supports various initiatives aimed at improving healthcare efficiency, it does not directly improve patient outcomes like the PCMH model does.

ICD-10-CM is a coding system for diseases and health conditions used for billing and data collection, but it does not have any direct impact on patient care or outcomes. While accurate coding can facilitate better healthcare data management, it does not influence the quality of care provided to patients or reduce hospital visits.