Which of the following hormones is responsible for development and maintenance of the uterine lining during pregnancy?

Estrogen is primarily involved in the development of female secondary sexual characteristics and the regulation of the menstrual cycle. While it does contribute to the initial preparation of the uterine lining, it is not the primary hormone responsible for its maintenance during pregnancy, which is predominantly managed by progesterone.

Testosterone is primarily known as a male sex hormone that plays a significant role in the development of male reproductive tissues and the promotion of secondary sexual characteristics. It does not have a direct role in the maintenance of the uterine lining or in female reproductive processes during pregnancy.

hCG is crucial in the early stages of pregnancy as it helps to maintain the corpus luteum, which produces progesterone. However, hCG itself does not directly maintain the uterine lining; rather, it supports the process by ensuring progesterone levels remain sufficient during the initial stages of pregnancy.