Which of the following are shared, accepted, or donated when bonds are formed between atoms?

Neutrons are neutral particles found in the atomic nucleus and do not participate in chemical bonding. Their primary role is to contribute to the mass of the atom and stabilize the nucleus, but they have no influence on the chemical properties or reactions that occur between atoms.

Protons are positively charged particles that define the atomic number and identity of an element. While they are essential for determining the chemical behavior of an atom in terms of its charge and identity, they do not participate directly in the bonding process. The protons remain fixed in the nucleus and do not move or interact with other atoms in the formation of bonds.

Isotopes refer to different forms of the same element, characterized by varying numbers of neutrons. While isotopes can influence the physical properties of elements, they do not play a direct role in the bonding process, as the nature of bonding is determined by the electrons available for interaction, not the isotopic form of the element.