What is the legal doctrine by which the decedent's property will pass to the state without their consent if that individual dies without a will, a surviving spouse, lineal descendants, or other known heirs?

Eminent domain refers to the government's power to take private property for public use, provided that just compensation is paid to the owner. This legal principle is distinct from escheat since it involves compensation and consent from the property owner, which is not applicable in the context of a decedent without heirs.

Police power is the capacity of the state to regulate behavior and enforce order within its territory for the betterment of the health, safety, morals, and general welfare of its inhabitants. Although related to government authority, police power does not pertain to the transfer of property after death and thus is not relevant to the situation described in the question.

A variance is a legal exception that allows a property owner to deviate from zoning regulations, enabling them to use their property in a way that would otherwise be prohibited. This concept is unrelated to the distribution of a decedent's assets and does not address issues of inheritance or property ownership after death.