The theory of probability is applied to life insurance through the use of

Morbidity tables reflect the incidence and prevalence of diseases and disabilities within a population, focusing on health-related risks rather than mortality. While these tables are crucial for health insurance and disability coverage, they do not directly relate to the probability of death, which is the primary concern in life insurance.

The needs approach in life insurance focuses on analyzing an individual's financial needs and goals to determine the appropriate amount of coverage. While it is a valuable method for assessing life insurance needs, it does not utilize the statistical principles of probability integral to underwriting and premium calculations in the same way that mortality tables do.

The human life value approach estimates the economic value of an individual's life based on their potential earnings and contributions to dependents. Though this method is useful for determining coverage amounts, it does not employ the probability calculations necessary to assess risk in the same manner as mortality tables.