Difficulty: Hard

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By the end of the 1980s, the 'Japanese miracle' had transformed Japan, a geographically small nation of 126 million, into the richest country on the planet. Buoyed by a sky-high stock market and a booming domestic economy, Japanese companies were snapping up Hollywood studios, Hawaiian golf courses, and artistic masterpieces from European auction houses. People worked hard, but in return they had the smallest gap between rich and poor in the world, the safest streets, and the longest average life span.

The primary purpose of the passage is to

Rationale

describe a period in Japan's history when its economy was strong.

The passage highlights Japan's remarkable economic transformation by the end of the 1980s, showcasing the country's status as the richest nation and the various successes and benefits that accompanied this economic boom.

A (contrast Japanese attitudes toward business with those of Americans) YOUR ANSWER

This choice suggests a comparison between Japanese and American business attitudes, which is not the focus of the passage. Instead, the text emphasizes Japan's economic achievements and societal benefits without delving into a comparative analysis with the United States.

B (describe a period in Japan's history when its economy was strong) CORRECT

This option accurately reflects the passage's main theme, as it details Japan's economic prosperity during the late 1980s, including the flourishing stock market and the implications for society, such as reduced income inequality and enhanced quality of life.

C (explain the role of businesspeople in Japanese society) YOUR ANSWER

While businesspeople are mentioned, the passage does not specifically explore their roles or contributions. Instead, it focuses on the broader economic context and its effects on the Japanese population, rather than the individuals within the business sector.

D (outline Japan's economic development during the twentieth century) YOUR ANSWER

This choice implies a comprehensive overview of Japan's entire economic history, which the passage does not provide. It specifically concentrates on the late 1980s, lacking a detailed exploration of earlier developments or shifts throughout the twentieth century.

E (characterize the impact of the stock market on the Japanese economy) YOUR ANSWER

Although the stock market is referenced, the passage does not delve into a detailed analysis of its impact. The emphasis is more on the overall economic state and societal benefits rather than the stock market's specific contributions.

Conclusion

The passage primarily serves to describe a significant period in Japan's history characterized by economic strength and societal prosperity by the end of the 1980s. It captures the essence of the 'Japanese miracle' and its positive effects on the lives of its citizens, making the description of this period the central focus of the text.

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