Losses avoided may be determined by:

This option does not directly relate to calculating losses avoided, as it focuses on billing values rather than loss estimation. It may reflect revenue considerations but fails to account for the comparative assessment of losses before and after implementing a security program.

This choice addresses financial metrics related to cost management and investment evaluation rather than loss avoidance. It does not pertain to estimating losses or measuring the effectiveness of a security program in preventing potential losses.

While this approach may give insight into potential loss exposure, it does not specifically measure losses avoided because it does not compare scenarios with and without security measures. It merely calculates expected losses based on frequency and cost, lacking the comparative analysis required to determine reductions in losses due to security interventions.