J sold a property to N. N took out a mortgage at closing. J signed the deed. The deed was recorded. A confirmation email was sent to J and N that the deed was recorded. J and N met on the property and shook hands. Which of these events constitutes constructive notice?

While the confirmation email serves as a communication between J and N, it does not create constructive notice. Emails are private communications and do not provide public evidence of the property transfer, meaning they do not inform potential buyers or other interested parties about the ownership status of the property.

The handshake between J and N is a personal interaction that signifies mutual agreement but does not provide constructive notice. It lacks any formal legal standing or public record and therefore does not inform third parties about the transaction or the change in property ownership.

J signing the deed is a necessary step for the validity of the transfer, but it alone does not constitute constructive notice. Although signing is essential for executing the deed, it must be followed by recording the deed in the public registry to create a legal notice that affects third parties.