In preparing a seller's net proceeds estimate, which of the following would be considered as a cost to the seller?

An anticipated property tax increase may affect the seller's future expenses, but it is not a direct cost incurred during the sale process. This potential increase would be considered in the seller's long-term financial planning rather than as an immediate expense associated with the transaction.

A mortgage application fee is a cost typically associated with obtaining a loan, which is incurred by the buyer rather than the seller. Since this fee is not directly related to the sale of the property or deducted from the seller's proceeds, it does not factor into the seller's net proceeds estimate.

Mortgage title insurance is generally a cost borne by the buyer to protect their lender against potential title issues. While sellers may sometimes agree to cover certain closing costs as part of negotiations, it is not a standard cost that directly impacts the seller's net proceeds from the sale.