A landlord installs a window bench in a residential condominium. This is an example of:

Chattel refers to personal property that is movable and not permanently affixed to real estate. Examples include furniture, vehicles, and appliances that can be removed without damaging the property. Since a window bench installed by a landlord is permanently affixed to the condominium, it does not qualify as chattel.

Conversion refers to the act of changing the use or character of property, such as converting a residential space into a commercial one. While installing a window bench may change the appearance or utility of a space, it does not constitute conversion. Instead, it is an enhancement of the existing structure.

Transformation implies a complete change in form or function, often involving significant alterations to the property. While the installation of a window bench modifies the space, it does not fully transform the nature of the condominium. It merely adds a fixture, rather than drastically altering its original purpose or structure.